{"id":1979,"date":"2025-10-10T18:13:13","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T18:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/?page_id=1979"},"modified":"2026-01-12T03:20:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T03:20:14","slug":"time","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/time\/","title":{"rendered":"Time"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Time Research<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/Afterbabel2_highlighted-1024x233.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/Afterbabel2_highlighted-1024x233.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/Afterbabel2_highlighted-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/Afterbabel2_highlighted-768x175.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/Afterbabel2_highlighted-1536x350.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/Afterbabel2_highlighted-2048x467.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I arrived at the topic of time through the initial research on languages. From there, I decided to make a mind map to generate time-related research topics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2025\/10\/Time-first-mind-map-1024x712.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1985\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2025\/10\/Time-first-mind-map-1024x712.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2025\/10\/Time-first-mind-map-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2025\/10\/Time-first-mind-map-768x534.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2025\/10\/Time-first-mind-map-1536x1067.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2025\/10\/Time-first-mind-map-2048x1423.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Mind Map on Time<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Interior Time<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of &#8220;interior time&#8221; mentioned by George Steiner in his book <em>After Babel: aspects of language and translation<\/em> was something that piqued my interest, so I decided to look into it further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"799\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-8.png 799w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-8-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-8-768x481.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Circadian Rhythm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This brought me to the idea of the subjective feel of time and if it is the same for everyone. The term &#8220;circadian rhythm&#8221; appeared in my research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a Circadian Rhythm?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>It is a 24-hour cycle that helps govern essential bodily functions &#8211; especially the sleep-wake cycle &#8211; by syncing internal processes with the day-night cycle.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do Circadian Rhythms Work?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Circadian rhythms are controlled by&nbsp;biological clocks&nbsp;located in organs and glands throughout the body, but all of these peripheral clocks are commanded by a \u201cmaster clock\u201d in a region of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Source<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bryan, L. and Guo, L. (2024). <em>What Is Circadian Rhythm?<\/em> Sleep Foundation. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/circadian-rhythm\">https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/circadian-rhythm<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Zeitgebers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From there, my research took me to the term of &#8220;zeitgebers&#8221;, which are <strong>environmental agents or events that provide cues for setting or resetting a biological clock.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They include, but aren&#8217;t limited to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Light<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Temperature<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meal Times<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exercise<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social Interactions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sound<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Source<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">www.sciencedirect.com. (n.d.). <em>Zeitgeber &#8211; an overview | ScienceDirect Topics<\/em>. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/zeitgeber\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/zeitgeber<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Michel Siffre&#8217;s Study<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While researching the topic, I&#8217;ve also stumbled upon an experiment conducted by Michel Siffre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-9-1024x536.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-9-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-9-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-9-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/01\/image-9.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who was Michel Siffre?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He was a French researcher and speleologist (cave explorer) who conducted pioneering experiments on human biological rhythms by living for extended periods in complete isolation underground with no external time cues (zeitgebers) such as natural light or clocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The goal of Siffre&#8217;s research<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His research aimed to check what happens to human circadian rhythms when all external time cues are removed, as well as finding out whether humans possess an internal biological clock that regulates sleep-wake patterns independently of the external environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Approach to the research<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Siffre was the sole participant in his early experiments. He lived deep in a cave &#8211; without sunlight, clocks, or time information &#8211; for long durations (initially around 179 days in one study). He reported daily activities like sleeping and eating based on his own internal sense of time. His activities and physiological data were monitored via telephone contact and recording equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The results of the study<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Internal clock remains without zeitgebers<\/strong> &#8211; with no external cues the man&#8217;s sleep-wake cycle extended to 25 hours (so an hour longer than the regular 24-hour day)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extended cycles occur with longer isolation<\/strong> &#8211; in later and longer experiments (for example lasting 6 months), Siffre and other participants showed very long rhythms, with cycles up to 48 hours<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perception of time becomes distorted<\/strong> &#8211; Siffre significantly underestimated the passage of time &#8211; he believed a lot less time had elapsed than actually had.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Source<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Online Learning College. (2022). <em>Michel Siffre | What Did He Study?, Aims, Methods &amp; Conclusions<\/em>. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/online-learning-college.com\/knowledge-hub\/gcses\/gcse-psychology-help\/michel-siffre\/?srsltid=AfmBOoqL5gP0EfLidPai3pS2j9T3W_a99fwz9T2PfQWk_RjidZm-e8cO\">https:\/\/online-learning-college.com\/knowledge-hub\/gcses\/gcse-psychology-help\/michel-siffre\/?srsltid=AfmBOoqL5gP0EfLidPai3pS2j9T3W_a99fwz9T2PfQWk_RjidZm-e8cO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Link to the 4 Themes Research Presentation I gave in class: <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/week-3-3\/\">https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/week-3-3\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-right is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-89b4c9e9 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/space\/\">Space \u2192<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Time Research I arrived at the topic of time through the initial research on languages. From there, I decided to make a mind map to generate time-related research topics. Interior Time The concept of &#8220;interior time&#8221; mentioned by George Steiner in his book After Babel: aspects of language and translation was something that piqued my &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/time\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Time&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1979","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1979"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1979\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3318,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1979\/revisions\/3318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wsagames.com\/ms22g23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}